ABSTRACT
Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen (Chandaeng) is an important traditional medicinal plant used in ancient Thai household remedies. This research focused on investigating the biological properties, including the antibacterial, anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant activities, and phytochemical characteristics of crude Chandaeng extracts. Dried Chandaeng heartwood powder was extracted using ethanol, methanol, and deionized water. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were then tested against skin pathogens, including Cutibacterium acnes (DMST14916), Staphylococcus epidermidis (TISTR518), and Staphylococcus aureus (TISTR321). The ethanolic extract showed antibacterial activity. In a time-kill assay, all bacteria were completely killed after being exposed to it, while the cell membranes were found to have leaked when viewed under a scanning electron microscope. Antioxidant potential was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2¢-azino-bis -3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. According to the findings, the crude ethanolic extract of Chandaeng showed the highest level of antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the potential of the extract to treat skin hyperpigmentation by inhibiting tyrosinase, an important melanin synthesis enzyme, was determined and the ethanolic extract was found to be an anti-tyrosinase agent. Finally, the crude ethanolic extract showed the highest total phenolic compound and flavonoid content. In conclusion, crude Chandaeng extract showed significant potential in activity against skin pathogenic bacteria, antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibition. These properties of the extract could be applied to skincare cosmetics.
Subject(s)
Monophenol Monooxygenase , Dracaena , Enzyme Inhibitors , Anti-Bacterial Agents , AntioxidantsABSTRACT
Objective To establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) for determination of five active components in Draconis Resina and discuss application of QAMS in quality control of ethnic medicines. Methods Using the method of HPLC, the Fortis Xi C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile (A)-1.0% acetic acid (B) with gradient elution (0-10 min, A: 25%→30%; 10-60 min, A: 30%→50%) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 278 nm, the column temperature was 30 ℃ and the sample size was 10 μL. Pterostilbene was selected as an internal standard to establish the relative correction factors (RCFs) of 7, 4’-dihydroxyflavone, resveratrol, loureirin A, and loureirin B with reference to pterostilbene so as to achieve simultaneous determination of multi-indexed components. The contents of five active components were determined by both external standard method (ESM) and QAMS. Meanwhile, relative error (RE) between QAMS and ESM was analyzed to evaluate QAMS method. Results There were good linearities in the range of 10.23-102.27 μg/mL for 7,4’-dihydroxyflavone, 11.01-110.14 μg/mL for resveratrol, 9.47-94.72 μg/mL for loureirin A, 11.59-115.90 μg/mL for loureirin B and 24.35-243.52 μg/mL for pterostilbene, RCFs of 7,4’-dihydroxyflavone, resveratrol, loureirin A and loureirin B with reference to pterostilbene were 0.626, 1.064, 1.154, and 0.837 respectively, and repeatability was good in different experimental conditions (RSD < 3.0%).There were no significant difference between the quantitative results of the two methods. Conclusion QAMS method is feasible, credible, and can be used to determine multiple components in Draconis Resina. QAMS can be adopted as a novel strategy for quality control of ethnic medicines.
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Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the main components from Dracaena cochinchinensis by HPLC-DPPH and provide a foundation for "spectrum-effect" quality control standard. Methods: The determination was developed on Phenomenex lura C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution of methanol-acetonitril-0.2% H3PO4 and the detective wavelength was set at 306 nm. The column temperature was 35℃. Results: The DPPH free radical scavenging abilities of these five antioxidants were as follows: pterstilbene > resveratrol > luoreirin B > luoreirin A > 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone. The analysis on the structures of the five compounds showed that the hydroxymethylation didn't decrease the antioxidant activities of stilbenes. The symmetry of B ring of dihydrochalcone has the significant effect on the antioxidant activities. However, 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone didn't show the related activity in D. cochinchinensis. Conclusion: HPLC-DPPH can not only be used for screening the components with antioxidant potency but also for the purpose of quality evaluation of D. cochinchinensis, and the method proves to be selective, simple, and reproducible.
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Objective: To study the phenolic constituents of Draconis Resina. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and their structures were identified by physiochemical properties and MS and NMR spectroscopic data. Results: Fourteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Draconis Resina and identified as 4'-hydroxy-1', 4″-dimethoxychalcane (1), 7-hydroxy-5, 4'-dimethoxy-2-arylbenzofuran (2), pterostilbene (3), 3, 4'-dihydroxy-5- methoxystilbene (4), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxyflavanone (5), pinocembrin (6), 7-hydroxyflavanone (7), liquiritigenin (8), methyl 4- hydroxybenzoate (9), methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate (10), ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate (11), 2, 4-dihydroxy acetophenone (12), 3, 4-dihydroxyallybenzene (13), and β-sitosterol (14). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new natural product. Compound 2 is firstly obtained from the plants of Liliaceae. Compounds 5 and 9-12 are firstly isolated from the plants of Dracaena Vand. ex L., and compounds 6 and 7 are isolated from Dracaena cochinchinensis for the first time.
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Objective: To establish a method for the determination of 7-hydroxy-4'-methoxyflavane and pterostilbene in Zhuang Medicine Dracaena cochinchinensis. Methods: The determination was developed on C18 column. Acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid (36: 64) was used as mobile phase and the detective wavelength was set at 281 and 306 nm, respectively. Results: The linear ranges of 7-hydroxy-4'-methoxyflavane and pterostilbene were 0.4076-1.5285 μg (r = 0.9998) and 1.6408-6.1530 μg (r = 0.9997), respectively. The average recovery was 97.88% (RSD = 0.82%) and 97.10% (RSD = 0.59%), respectively. Conclusion: The method is simple and accurate, which could be used for the quality control of D. cochinchinensis and its extract.
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Objective To investigate the chemical constituents in the leaves of Dracaena cochinchinensis.Methods The compounds were separated with column chromatography and their chemical structures were identified by physicochemical and spectral method,respectively.Results Thirteen compounds were isolated from the plant. They were identified as isorhamnerin(Ⅰ),quercetin(Ⅱ),25(R)-spirostane-5-en-3?-ol(Ⅲ),gracillin(Ⅳ),25(R)-spirostane-5-en-3?,14?-diol(Ⅴ),25(R)-spirostane-5-en-3?,14?-diol-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅵ),25(R)-spirostane-5-en-3?,14?-diol-3-O-?-L-rhamnopyranosy(1→4)-?-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅶ),25(R)-spirostane-14?-hydroxy-4-en-3-one(Ⅷ),7?-hydroxysistosterol-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅸ),?-stigmasterol(Ⅹ),stigmasterol-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅺ),daucosterol (Ⅹ Ⅱ),and methyl ?D-glucopyranoside(Ⅹ Ⅲ).Conclusion Spirostane-type steroids are the major constituents in the leaves of D.cochinchinensis.Compounds Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅷ,and Ⅸ are isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Objective The experiment compared the chemical components in the roots,stems,and leaves of Dracaena cochinchinensis with those in the raw material of Dragon's blood,in order to find the possible raw material of Dragon's blood.Methods Technology of thin layer chromatography(TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results The results showed that the roots,stems,and leaves of D.cochinchinensis just contained small amount of loureirin A,the contents of loureirin A of the three samples are: 58,53,and 15 ?g/g,respectively.Loureirin B was only detected in the leaves with content of 2 ?g/g.Conclusion From the analysis of peak areas and the retention time,there are only slight correlations among the components of the four samples and the chemical components among the roots,stem,and leaves are different.Moreover,there is too low content of loureirins in the roots,stem,and leaves to be raw material of Dragon's blood.
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Object To study the chemical constituents of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. C. Chen. Methods The constituents were isolated on silica gel chromatography, preparative TLC, and spectral data. Results Six compounds were isolated and identified from the resin of D. cochinchinensis as: 1, 2, 4, 5-tetrachloro-3, 6-dimethoxybenzene (Ⅰ), cholest-4?-methyl-7-en-3?-ol (Ⅱ), cholest-4?-methyl-7-en-3-one (Ⅲ), hexacosane (Ⅳ), cholest-7-en-3?-ol (Ⅴ), cholest-7-en-3-one (Ⅵ). Conclusion Compounds Ⅳ-Ⅵ were isolated from D. cochinchinensis for the first time.